Toussaint L’Ouverture: A Biography of the Haitian Revolutionary
Toussaint L’Ouverture emerged as the leader of the Haitian revolution in the late s, playing a key role in leading the enslaved population in their fight for freedom. Toussaint L’Ouverture established a self-governed French protectorate in Saint-Domingue, populated by emancipated former slaves. Fearing to lose the grip over its colony, L’Ouverture was eventually captured by Napoleon Bonaparte in and detained at Fort de Joux, where he died a year later. Toussaint L’Ouverture brought irreversible waves of change in the French colony, resulting in the establishment of independent Haiti in
Early Life of Toussaint L’Ouverture
François Dominique Toussaint was born in on the plantation of Bréda at Haut de Cap, located in the French colony called Saint-Domingue, present-day Haiti. Though not well documented, it is believed that L’Ouverture’s father was the eldest of the eight children of the king of Allada (a kingdom in West Africa), Gaou Guinou. His mother was Pauline, Guinou’s second wife. The family were sold into slavery in Saint-Domingue as prisoners of war.
From a very young age, Toussaint L’Ouverture dem
Early in his life, Toussaint, a child slave on the estate of Bréda in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (later Haiti), saw the brutality of his master. After being set free in , he took over a coffee plantation and employed a staff of twelve. Toussaint Bréda, despite being black and having been a slave, rose to prominence in Saint-Domingue. Black slaves began their uprising for liberation in August with the voodoo ritual at Bois-Caïman. It was then that Toussaint decided to side with the rebels and fight the colonists. He adopted the moniker “Louverture” after becoming enamored with the European military tactics he studied and saw rewarded with victory.
The role of Toussaint Louverture during the Haitian RevolutionSlavery and Toussaint Louverture: An ambiguous relationshipTOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE: KEY DATES
Toussaint Louverture, who had support from the Spanish at the outset of the war but ultimately opted to side with France, benefitted from their assistance. In , he was promoted to brigadier general; in , to lieutenant governor of Saint-Domingue; and in , to commander-in-chief of the army. He first secured the English surrender and subsequently that of the Spanish, ending th
Toussaint L'Ouverture
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Who Was François Toussaint L'Ouverture?
François Toussaint L'Ouverture was a former Haitian slave who led the only successful slave revolt in modern history. Standing steadfastly, he fought to end slavery and gain Haiti’s independence from European powers, France and Spain. Forming an army of former slaves and deserters from the French and Spanish armies, he trained his followers in guerrilla warfare and successfully ended slavery in Hispaniola by
Quick Facts
FULL NAME: François Toussaint L'Ouverture
BORN: May 20,
BIRTHPLACE: Cap-Haitien, Haiti
DEATH: April 7,
SPOUSE: Suzanne Simone Baptiste L'Ouverture
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Taurus
Early Life
Born May 20, , François Toussaint's early life is not well documented. It is believed his father was Gaou Guinou, the younger son of the king of Allada, a West African kingdom. His family was sold into slavery and sent to the Caribbean. Toussaint was fortunate to be owned by enlightened masters who allowed him to learn to read and write. He read the classics and the Enlightenment political philosophers, who deeply influenced him. He also developed a deep devotion to the teachings of Catholicism.
Picad
Toussaint Louverture
Héros de Saint-Domingue
Le 7 avril , au Fort de Joux dans le Doubs en France, décède celui qui a guidé Saint-Domingue vers la liberté, un an avant que la colonie ne devienne indépendante sous le nom de Haïti.
Décrit comme un « guerrier, législateur, chef providentiel, martyr » par Sudhir Hazareesingh, dans sa biographie parue en , il passera en un demi-siècle du statut d’esclave à celui de maître et libérateur de la colonie, vainqueur des Espagnols et des Britanniques.
Il nait dans l’esclavage le 20 mai à la plantation de Bréda près de Cap-Français (aujourd’hui Cap-Haïtien). Ses ancêtres étaient originaires du Bénin. Il est affranchi en , et s’élève dans la société : en , il sait lire et écrire, il s’est enrichi et possède même quelques esclaves.
Alors que les échos de la Révolution française de l’autre côté de l’Atlantique ébranlent le système esclavagiste de Saint-Domingue, il se rallie en à l’insurrection des esclaves déclenchée à la suite de la cérémonie vaudou de Bois-Caïman dans la nuit du 14 au 15 août Bientôt surnommé « Louverture » en référence à sa bravoure et la manière dont il enfonce les brèches à la tête de ses troupes, il se relèv
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Toussaint Louverture
Héros de Saint-Domingue
Le 7 avril , au Fort de Joux dans le Doubs en France, décède celui qui a guidé Saint-Domingue vers la liberté, un an avant que la colonie ne devienne indépendante sous le nom de Haïti.
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Il nait dans l’esclavage le 20 mai à la plantation de Bréda près de Cap-Français (aujourd’hui Cap-Haïtien). Ses ancêtres étaient originaires du Bénin. Il est affranchi en , et s’élève dans la société : en , il sait lire et écrire, il s’est enrichi et possède même quelques esclaves.
Alors que les échos de la Révolution française de l’autre côté de l’Atlantique ébranlent le système esclavagiste de Saint-Domingue, il se rallie en à l’insurrection des esclaves déclenchée à la suite de la cérémonie vaudou de Bois-Caïman dans la nuit du 14 au 15 août Bientôt surnommé « Louverture » en référence à sa bravoure et la manière dont il enfonce les brèches à la tête de ses troupes, il se relèv
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